ALMSGIVING AND RIGHTEOUSNESS
ALMSGIVING
The Hebrew word “sedāqâ” translates to both “alms” and “justice” or “righteousness,” indicating a close relationship between these concepts in the Bible. Though “righteousness” encompasses more than just acts of mercy or almsgiving, the Bible often uses these terms interchangeably. During Jesus’ time, it was common for the wealthy to display their charity publicly to gain social recognition. Jesus taught that when the motive behind giving is to seek public approval rather than genuine compassion, the only reward received is the fleeting glory of human praise. What matters most to God is the intention behind our actions.
Almsgiving reflects both compassion for the less fortunate and a commitment to justice in society. Prosperity and poverty can affect anyone, regardless of their merits. As God’s children, we are called to view one another as siblings and support each other. When we give in God’s name, acknowledging Him as the common Father of all, He will reward our good intentions.
Biblical Foundation of Almsgiving and Justice
The principle of almsgiving and justice developed as the Israelites settled in the Promised Land. Previously, they were a semi-nomadic group without significant inequalities, relying on God’s miraculous provision during their 40 years in the desert. Once they possessed and distributed the Promised Land, inequalities arose, prompting God to establish regulations to support the poor:
1. Legal Consumption of Neighbor’s Produce: The hungry were allowed to eat from another’s field without guilt (Deut 23:25-26).
2. Gleaning Rights: The poor could collect leftovers from the fields after harvest (Lev 19:9-10).
3. Triennial Tithes: Every third year, a tithe was given to support the Levites and the poor (Deut 14:28-29).
4. Sabbatical Year: Debts were forgiven, and the poor could eat from the land left uncultivated (Deut 15:1; Ex 23:11).
5. Jubilee Year: Every 50th year, property sold by the poor could be reclaimed to restore equality (Lev 25:28).
These commands emphasized that God is the owner of the world and everything in it (Deut 10:14; Lev 25:23). Our earthly achievements are temporary, and Jesus encourages us to share our resources for eternal rewards in heaven (Mk 10:21).
New Testament Teachings
John the Baptist and Jesus both emphasized the importance of sharing resources as a sign of repentance and love. John the Baptist said, “Whoever has two tunics should share with the person who has none. And whoever has food should do likewise” (Lk 3:11). Jesus instructed us to love and help even our enemies, promising great rewards for such acts (Lk 6:35). The apostles also practiced giving to the poor from their donations (Jn 13:29). John the Apostle taught that genuine love for God is demonstrated through acts of compassion (1 Jn 3:17-18).
Almsgiving and Righteousness
Almsgiving and righteousness can be viewed from several perspectives:
1. Justice and Integrity: True righteousness involves justice to God and others. Giving alms from ill-gotten wealth is unjust. Restitution, as exemplified by Zacchaeus, is crucial in reducing poverty caused by exploitation (Lk 19:8).
2. Respect for Dignity: The donor must respect the dignity of the recipient, recognizing that all humans are created in God’s image. Help should not be given in a way that humiliates the recipient.
3. Promoting Self-Reliance: Where possible, help should empower the recipient to become self-reliant. Providing education, job training, and skill development is more beneficial than mere handouts.
4. Caring with Love: Material support alone is insufficient. Love and personal care, especially for the elderly, disabled, and children with special needs, should be prioritized within families, with support from the community as needed.
5. Preventing Future Crises: Emergency relief should be coupled with measures to prevent future disasters and crises.
Christian Perspective on Almsgiving
Almsgiving is not about sharing leftovers but about giving wholeheartedly to help others achieve self-reliance. Responsible giving involves emergency assistance, empowerment, fostering self-esteem, and expressing genuine love. Jesus taught that our good deeds should glorify God rather than seeking personal recognition (Mt 5:14, 16; Jn 8:12). While Jesus performed many good deeds publicly, He often discouraged publicity to avoid vainglory (Lk 17:10).
Every act of mercy is valuable to God, and He rewards those who give generously (Deut 15:10). While rewards in the Old Testament were often expected in this life, Jesus promised that the ultimate reward is in heaven. The Last Judgment will be based on our actions toward the poor (Mt 25:31-46), and Jesus equates service to the poor with serving Him (Mt 25:40). Neglecting the poor invites divine punishment (Prov 21:13; Mt 25:45-46).
REFLECTION
As Christians, we are called to embody Christ’s love through our actions. Our faith should be visible in our compassionate deeds, driven by genuine concern rather than a desire for recognition. By sharing our resources, empowering others, and respecting the dignity of every person, we honor God and build His kingdom on earth. Let us remember that in serving the least among us, we serve Christ Himself. May our lives be a testament to God’s love, justice, and mercy.