CENSUS AT JESUS’ BIRTH
The census that brought Mary and Joseph to Bethlehem, leading to the birth of Jesus Christ, is a fascinating historical event with profound theological implications. Let’s explore this pivotal moment in history and its significance for Christians today.
Historical Context
The Roman Empire, at its peak during the time of Jesus’ birth, was a vast domain encompassing much of the known world. Emperor Caesar Augustus, renowned for his administrative skills, instituted periodic censuses every 14 years for taxation purposes and to identify those eligible for military service. This practice was part of the Pax Romana, a period of relative peace and stability across the empire.
Luke’s Gospel specifies that this was “the first census that took place while Quirinius was governor of Syria” (Lk 2:2). This detail has been the subject of much scholarly debate, as it seems to conflict with other historical records. However, it’s important to note that Luke, known for his attention to historical detail, may be referring to an earlier census conducted while Quirinius held a different position of authority in Syria, distinct from the well-documented census he conducted in 6 AD.
The Journey to Bethlehem
Joseph and Mary’s journey from Nazareth to Bethlehem, a distance of about 150 kilometers, would have been arduous, especially for Mary in her advanced state of pregnancy. The Roman custom was typically to register people in their current place of residence. However, the Jewish practice of maintaining genealogical records by ancestral lineage meant that Joseph and Mary had to travel to Bethlehem, the city of David, as they were both of Davidic descent.
This journey, mandated by imperial decree, unknowingly fulfilled the prophecy in Micah 5:2 that the Messiah would be born in Bethlehem. It’s a powerful example of how God can use even the decrees of earthly rulers to accomplish His divine purposes.
Theological Significance
The census serves as a remarkable demonstration of God’s sovereignty over human affairs. Consider the following:
1. Fulfillment of Prophecy: The census brought about the exact circumstances needed to fulfill Micah’s prophecy about the Messiah’s birthplace.
2. Divine Timing: The peace of the Pax Romana allowed for safe travel and the conditions necessary for the spread of the Gospel in the years to come.
3. Humility of Christ: Jesus, the King of Kings, entered the world as a subject of earthly authority, underscoring the humility of His incarnation.
4. Historical Anchoring: The census places the birth of Jesus firmly within verifiable historical events, underscoring the reality of the incarnation.
REFLECTION
As we reflect on the census that brought about Christ’s birth in Bethlehem, several lessons emerge for us as believers:
1. Trust in God’s Sovereignty: Just as God used a Roman census to fulfill His plans, He can use the circumstances of our lives – even seemingly inconvenient or difficult ones – to accomplish His purposes.
2. The Importance of Obedience: Joseph and Mary’s obedience to the census decree, despite its inconvenience, played a crucial role in God’s plan. Our obedience, even in small matters, can be significant in God’s grand design.
3. God’s Use of the Secular World: The fact that God used a Roman emperor’s decree to bring about His purposes reminds us that God is at work even in secular institutions and events.
4. The Humility of Christ: Jesus’ birth during a census reminds us of His willingness to humble Himself and become subject to human authorities. This challenges us to cultivate humility in our own lives.
5. Faith in God’s Perfect Timing: The precise timing of the census demonstrates God’s perfect orchestration of events. This encourages us to trust in His timing in our own lives, even when we don’t understand it.
In conclusion, the census at Jesus’ birth is more than just a historical footnote. It’s a powerful reminder of God’s sovereignty, the fulfillment of prophecy, and the beautiful intricacy of God’s plan for our salvation. As we face our own journeys and challenges, may we, like Mary and Joseph, trust in God’s guidance and timing, knowing that He is working all things together for good for those who love Him (Rom 8:28).