ENEMY
Old Testament
In the Old Testament, the concept of an enemy is multifaceted. The Hebrew words for enemy include ‘’oyebh’ (one who hates) and ‘tsar’ (distresser or adversary). Enemies in the Old Testament are often depicted as those who oppose Israel, whether they are other nations, individuals, or even internal adversaries. For instance, the Psalms frequently cry out for deliverance from enemies, reflecting the constant threats faced by the Israelites (Ps 3:7; 6:10). The Old Testament also contains laws and guidelines on how to treat enemies, such as returning a lost ox or donkey to an enemy (Ex 23:4-5) and feeding an enemy if he is hungry (Prov 25:21).
Enemies were often literal, physical adversaries who opposed God’s people. The Israelites faced many enemies, such as the Egyptians, Canaanites, Philistines, and Babylonians. These adversaries were viewed as obstacles to the fulfillment of God’s promises to Israel. For instance, in Exodus, Pharaoh and the Egyptians are portrayed as enemies oppressing the Israelites, leading to their eventual liberation by God (Ex 14:13-14). The Psalms frequently mention enemies, often in prayers for deliverance and protection. Psalm 23:5, for example, says, “You prepare a table before me in the presence of my enemies,” indicating God’s providence and protection even amidst opposition.
New Testament
In the New Testament, the Greek word ‘echthros’ is used for enemy, meaning opponent or adversary. Jesus radically redefined the concept of dealing with enemies. In His Sermon on the Mount, Jesus taught, “You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall love your neighbor and hate your enemy.’ But I say to you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you” (Mt 5:43-44). This teaching emphasizes a transformative approach to enmity, urging believers to respond with love, prayer, and kindness.
The New Testament shifts the focus from physical enemies to a more spiritual and moral understanding. Jesus redefines the concept of an enemy, emphasizing love and forgiveness over retaliation. In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus teaches, “But I say to you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, that you may be children of your Father in heaven” (Mt 5:44-45). This radical teaching contrasts with the Old Testament view and highlights the transformative power of Christian love and forgiveness. Paul, in his epistles, further elaborates on this by teaching that our struggle is not against flesh and blood but against spiritual forces of evil (Eph 6:12). This perspective encourages believers to see beyond human adversaries and recognize the underlying spiritual battle.
What Jesus Taught About Handling Enemies?
Jesus’ teachings on handling enemies are revolutionary and challenging. He instructed His followers to love their enemies, bless those who curse them, do good to those who hate them, and pray for those who mistreat them (Lk 6:27-28). This approach is not merely passive but actively seeks the good of the enemy. Jesus’ own life exemplified this teaching, as He forgave those who crucified Him (Lk 23:34).
The Apostle Paul echoed Jesus’ teachings, advising believers to overcome evil with good and to leave vengeance to God (Rom 12:19-21). This perspective shifts the focus from retaliation to reconciliation and from hatred to love, embodying the essence of Christian discipleship.
Who is the Spiritual Enemy and How to Defeat Him?
The Spiritual Enemy
In Christian theology, the primary spiritual enemy is Satan, also known as the devil. This adversary is described as a tempter and accuser who seeks to lead people away from God. The Catechism of the Catholic Church identifies three primary enemies: the world, the flesh, and the devil. These represent external temptations, internal weaknesses, and preternatural forces, respectively.
Defeating the Spiritual Enemy
The battle against the spiritual enemy involves several key practices:
1. Prayer: Regular prayer strengthens the believer’s connection with God and provides divine protection. Jesus emphasized the importance of prayer in overcoming temptation (Mt 26:41).
2. Sacraments: Participation in the sacraments, especially the Eucharist and Reconciliation, fortifies the soul against spiritual attacks. Confession is particularly crucial as it cleanses the soul from sin, which is a foothold for the enemy.
3. Scripture: The Word of God is a powerful weapon against the devil. Jesus used Scripture to counter Satan’s temptations in the wilderness (Mt 4:1-11).
4. Fasting and Almsgiving: These practices help to discipline the flesh and detach from worldly desires, making the believer more resilient against spiritual attacks.
5. Living a Holy Life: Avoiding mortal sin and engaging in acts of charity and kindness are essential in maintaining spiritual health and resisting the devil’s influence.
REFLECTION
As Christians, we are called to a higher standard in dealing with our enemies. Jesus’ teachings challenge us to transcend natural inclinations towards hatred and revenge, embracing a path of love, forgiveness, and prayer. This approach not only transforms our relationships but also aligns us more closely with the heart of Christ.
In our spiritual journey, we must remain vigilant against the true enemy, Satan, who seeks to disrupt our relationship with God. By committing to prayer, the sacraments, and holy living, we can stand firm against his schemes. Let us remember that our battle is not against flesh and blood but against spiritual forces of evil (Eph 6:12). Through God’s grace, we can overcome and live victoriously.
May we strive to see every person, even our enemies, as beloved children of God, deserving of love and compassion. In doing so, we become true disciples of Christ, bringing His light into a world often overshadowed by darkness.